India-Pakistan Tensions Escalate Amid Cross-Border Strikes

India and Pakistan Exchange Retaliatory Strikes Following Pahalgam Attack

Tensions between India and Pakistan have escalated dramatically after a series of retaliatory military strikes, marking the most severe confrontation between the two nuclear-armed neighbors since the Kargil War in 1999.

The conflict was triggered by a deadly attack on April 22 in Pahalgam, Kashmir, where 28 Indian civilians, mostly tourists, were killed. India attributed the attack to Pakistan-based militant groups, prompting a swift military response.

Operation Sindoor: India's Offensive

On May 6, India launched "Operation Sindoor," targeting nine sites in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir, including Bahawalpur, Muridke, and Muzaffarabad. The Indian Air Force employed Rafale jets equipped with SCALP cruise missiles and HAMMER bombs, aiming at what it described as terrorist infrastructure. India claimed the strikes resulted in the deaths of over 100 militants, including close aides of Jaish-e-Mohammed leader Masood Azhar.

Pakistan condemned the strikes as unprovoked aggression and vowed to retaliate.

Pakistan's Response: Operation Bunyan-un-Marsoos

In retaliation, Pakistan initiated "Operation Bunyan-un-Marsoos," targeting Indian military installations in Pathankot and Udhampur. Pakistan reported limited damage to Indian bases and claimed to have shot down several Indian drones and aircraft. India acknowledged "limited damage" to its bases but denied significant losses.

The exchange of fire has resulted in at least 80 fatalities over three weeks, with both military personnel and civilians among the casualties.

International Reactions and Concerns

The international community has expressed deep concern over the escalating conflict. The United States, China, and the G7 nations have urged both countries to exercise restraint and engage in dialogue. U.S. Vice President JD Vance stated that America would not intervene directly but emphasized the importance of de-escalation.

Despite global appeals, both India and Pakistan have maintained a firm stance, each accusing the other of initiating the conflict and expressing readiness to defend their sovereignty.

Impact on Civilians and Infrastructure

The conflict has disrupted civilian life on both sides of the border. India has closed over 24 airports, and Pakistan has temporarily shut its airspace. Major sporting events, including the Indian Premier League and Pakistan Super League, have been suspended. Schools and businesses in border areas have also been affected, with many residents evacuating to safer regions.

Outlook and Potential for De-escalation

While both nations have expressed a willingness to de-escalate if the other reciprocates, the situation remains volatile. Analysts warn that continued hostilities could lead to a broader conflict, with the potential for nuclear escalation. Efforts by international mediators are ongoing, but a resolution remains uncertain.